The Catalog Has No Final Entry

A discussion between Haruki Murakami and Jorge Luis Borges


Borges was already seated when I arrived at the bar in Aoyama — a narrow place with seven seats, no sign, and a door you could walk past fifty times without noticing. Murakami had chosen it because the bartender made a proper gimlet and because the jazz playing was always selected by the bartender himself, which Murakami considered the only acceptable method of curation. A stranger’s taste, applied with conviction.

Borges sat with his hands folded on the bar, his eyes aimed somewhere past the row of bottles toward a point that did not appear to exist in the physical room. He had ordered nothing. When I sat beside him he said, without turning, “I was told there would be a library.”

“There will be,” I said. “In the story.”

“I meant here. Murakami described this place as a library of gin. I expected shelves.”

There was, in fact, a single shelf behind the bartender — perhaps forty bottles, arranged with the quiet authority of objects that know their position. Borges could not see them, or could not see them well, but he seemed to sense their order. He tilted his head the way you tilt your head to hear something faint.

Murakami arrived seven minutes late, which he did not apologize for. He sat at the far end and ordered a gimlet. The bartender — thin, perhaps sixty, in a white shirt buttoned to the collar — made the drink without speaking and set it down on a paper coaster with the precision of someone placing a chess piece.

“Borges,” Murakami said.

“Murakami.”

“Thank you for coming.”

“I do not come anywhere. I am invited and I accept or I do not accept. Coming implies agency over geography. At my age, geography has agency over me.”

Murakami drank half his gimlet in one motion. This was new — I had seen him drink slowly in other meetings, treating the glass as a kind of temporal anchor. Tonight something was different. Urgency, maybe. Or thirst.

“I have been thinking about rooms,” I said. Both of them waited. Neither prompted me, which is the kind of silence that makes you want to say something better than what you had planned. “A man looking for something he has lost. He enters a building that should not contain what it contains. Not books — rooms. Each room is a single day from someone else’s life. You open the door and you are inside a Tuesday in 1987, or a Thursday in 2004. Not your Tuesday. Not your Thursday. Someone else’s.”

Borges turned toward me. His expression — what I could read of it — was the expression of a man who has just been told the name of a street he once lived on.

“This is the Library of Babel with the indexing system changed,” he said. “Instead of every possible arrangement of letters, every possible arrangement of hours. The unit is not the page but the day.”

“Not every possible day,” I said. “Only days that were actually lived.”

“That restriction makes it worse, not better. A library of every possible book includes the true and the false and the meaningless. A library of only lived days contains only truth. Every room you enter is something that happened. You cannot dismiss it as combinatorial noise.”

Murakami set down his glass. “Who is the man?”

“I don’t know yet.”

“What did he lose?”

“I don’t know that either.”

“Good. He should not know either. The search should precede the knowledge of what is being searched for. I have always believed this. My characters look for their cats, their wives, the source of a sound, and what they are actually looking for is the shape of their own absence. The cat is a pretext. The wife is a pretext.”

“In my work,” Borges said, “the search is the structure. The Library of Babel is not a story about a man looking for a particular book. It is a story about the concept of looking. The library exists to make looking possible and futile simultaneously. Your man in the rooms — what makes his search possible?”

“He can open any door,” I said. “The rooms are arranged in corridors. Hundreds of doors, maybe thousands. He opens them one at a time. He steps inside and he is in someone else’s day — he can see it, hear it, smell it. A kitchen in Sapporo where a woman is cutting daikon. An office in Osaka where a man sits at a desk reading the same memo for the third time. The days are mundane. That is important. These are not significant days. No one dies in these rooms. No one is born. They are Tuesdays.”

“The horror of the ordinary,” Borges said. “Yes. Dante understood this. The worst circle is not fire but ice. Stillness. The repetition of a day that was not remarkable enough to remember, preserved forever in a room that someone can walk into.”

“It is not horror,” Murakami said. “It is loneliness. The man walks through room after room of other people’s ordinary days and what accumulates is not dread but the specific loneliness of witnessing intimacy you were not part of. The woman cutting daikon — she is humming. She does not know he is there. He stands in her kitchen and watches her cut daikon and hum and he realizes that this ordinary moment, this nothing-Tuesday, was complete. It was a complete human experience and he was not in it.”

“He was not in it because he is in every room and therefore in none,” Borges said. “The reader of all books has read no books. The visitor of all days has lived no days. This is the paradox.”

“That is too neat,” Murakami said. He said it flatly, without hostility, the way you say the rice is overcooked. A fact about a condition. “Paradox is a cage. You build beautiful cages, Borges. Symmetrical, airtight. My characters do not live in cages. They live in apartments with one window that does not open and a cat that may or may not exist. The geometry is broken. That is what makes it habitable.”

Borges smiled. It was the kind of smile that arrives on the face of someone who has been accused of something they are proud of. “You mistake elegance for confinement. The paradox is not a cage. It is a mirror. The man in the library of rooms sees other people’s days and believes he is searching for something specific — a lost day, a lost person, a lost version of himself. But the library is showing him that every day is equivalent. Every room is the same room with different furniture. The labyrinth has no center because the labyrinth is the center.”

“No,” Murakami said. He said it with the kind of quiet certainty that means the disagreement is not going to resolve. “The rooms are not equivalent. The woman cutting daikon is not the man reading the memo. You want them to be equivalent because equivalence is philosophically interesting. But fiction is not philosophy. Fiction is the woman’s hands on the knife. The sound of the blade against the cutting board. The specific pitch of her humming. She is humming something — what is she humming?”

“It doesn’t matter what she is humming.”

“It is the only thing that matters. If I do not know what she is humming, I have not written her. I have described her. Description is what philosophy does. Fiction hums.”

I let the silence hold. The bartender put on a Bill Evans record — “Waltz for Debby,” the live version with the audience noise underneath, glasses and murmuring, as if the recording itself contained a room full of people living an ordinary evening.

“The risk card says the protagonist is wrong,” I said. “His core belief or interpretation is fundamentally mistaken. The reader should be able to see the wrongness before he does.”

“Wrong about what?” Murakami asked.

“About what he’s searching for. Or about the nature of the search.”

Borges leaned back. His fingers moved along the edge of the bar the way a man reads braille — feeling for information in the surface. “The most interesting form of wrongness is categorical. Not that he searches in the wrong room, but that he misunderstands what a room is. He believes each room contains a day. He is wrong. Each room contains something else — perhaps an emotion, perhaps a question, perhaps a single sentence that someone once spoke and that the library has preserved because the sentence was load-bearing. The sentence held up the day. Remove it and the day collapses.”

“That is beautiful,” I said, “but I think Murakami is right that it has to be more domestic than that. The wrongness has to live in the ordinary register. He is a man who lost something — let’s say his wife left. Not dramatically. She was there on a Thursday and on Friday he came home and her shoes were gone from the genkan. No note. He checked the closet: half the hangers empty. Ordinary departure. And he believes that somewhere in this library of rooms there is a room that contains the day she decided to leave. The specific Tuesday or Wednesday when something shifted. He is looking for the hinge.”

Murakami was nodding. Slowly, the way a metronome moves if you could slow a metronome to the speed of thought. “This I understand. The search for the precise moment. It is the same search my protagonist makes in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle — where did Kumiko go, when did she begin going, was there a single moment or was it an accumulation. He believes there was a moment because believing in moments is how you survive. If there was a moment, it can be located. If it can be located, it can be understood. If it can be understood, maybe — maybe — it can be undone.”

“And he is wrong,” Borges said.

“Yes.”

“He is wrong because there was no single moment. The departure was not a point but a gradient. She did not decide to leave on a Tuesday. She was always leaving, from the first day, the way a river is always arriving at the sea from the moment it emerges from the ground. The rooms show him this, if he reads them correctly. But he cannot read them correctly because he is looking for a door that does not exist — the door that opens onto the day everything changed.”

“But he keeps looking,” Murakami said. “That is essential. He does not stop. The wrongness of his belief does not prevent him from acting on it. He opens door after door. He sits in room after room. Watching other people’s ordinary days. And what the reader sees — what the attentive reader sees — is that the rooms are teaching him something he refuses to learn. Each room contains a day where nothing changes. Each room is proof that days do not contain hinges. Days contain daikon and memos and humming. And he walks through this proof, room after room, and continues to believe in the hinge.”

“He is an idealist in a materialist library,” Borges said. “He is looking for the metaphysical in a building made of hours.”

“He is a man who misses his wife,” Murakami said. “Everything else is architecture.”

I wrote that down. Everything else is architecture. I knew Borges would disagree, and he did.

“Architecture is not ‘everything else.’ Architecture is the primary fact. The library exists. The rooms exist. The corridors are long and badly lit — I imagine fluorescent tubes, the kind that hum at a frequency you feel in your teeth — and the doors are numbered but not in order. The numbering system appears sequential but skips. 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 19. The gaps are the library’s grammar. What is in the missing rooms?”

“Nothing is in the missing rooms. They don’t exist.”

“Of course they exist. A library with gaps in its numbering is a library with hidden rooms. The man notices the gaps — he must — and he wonders what day is behind door 7, door 8, door 13. And he begins to suspect that the missing rooms contain his own days. That the library, which contains everyone else’s days, has removed his.”

Murakami was very still. The gimlet was finished. He did not order another.

“That is good,” he said. “That is very good and I wish I had said it. The library contains everyone’s Tuesdays except his. He walks through thousands of rooms and never once finds a room that contains his own life. He is the gap in the catalog.”

“And this is where his wrongness deepens,” I said, feeling the story assembling itself the way weather assembles — not sequentially but from all directions at once. “He thinks the missing rooms are where his wife’s decision lives. He thinks the library has hidden his days because his days contain the answer. But the reader can see — the reader should be able to see — that the library has not hidden his days. His days are simply not there. He is not special. He is not the subject of a conspiracy. The library does not know he exists. He is looking for himself in a place that has never heard of him.”

“The universe is not hostile,” Borges said. “It is indifferent. This is the lesson of every labyrinth I have built. The Minotaur does not hate you. The Minotaur does not know your name.”

“But does the man learn this?” Murakami asked.

“No,” I said. “That’s the point of the risk card. He’s wrong and he stays wrong. He keeps looking for the hinge. The reader sees the indifference of the library, the absence of conspiracy, the gradient nature of loss. The man sees doors. Thousands of doors. And behind every door, someone else’s ordinary day, humming with a completeness that has nothing to do with him.”

“There should be jazz,” Murakami said. “In one of the rooms. A man alone in a Shinjuku apartment, listening to Coltrane. A Love Supreme. He has poured a glass of whiskey but has not drunk it. The light is amber. The room is small. And our protagonist stands there watching this man listen to Coltrane and he thinks: this is it. This is the day. Something about the way the man holds the glass without drinking — the stillness — convinces him that this room is adjacent to his wife’s decision. He is wrong. The room has nothing to do with his wife. The man with the whiskey is a stranger listening to music on a night when nothing happened.”

“But the protagonist stays in that room longer than any other,” I said.

“Much longer. Because the wrongness feels right. The room has the emotional texture of significance. The amber light, the saxophone, the undisturbed whiskey — it has the grammar of a turning point. And the protagonist cannot tell the difference between a turning point and a room that merely looks like one.”

Borges had been running his fingertip along the rim of his empty water glass, producing a faint tone just below the threshold of the music. “You are both describing a man who reads the library the way a man reads a novel — looking for the plot. The rising action, the climax, the moment of reversal. He imposes narrative on a collection of days that have no narrative. The library is an encyclopedia, not a novel. It has no plot. It has only entries. And the man, because he is a character in a story, cannot stop believing that he is in a story.”

“Is that not all of us,” Murakami said. It was not a question.

“It is all of us. That is what makes the wrongness universal and therefore invisible. He is not wrong in an unusual way. He is wrong in the way everyone is wrong — believing that their life has a structure that can be read. Believing that the days are organized around something. A purpose, a direction, a hinge. The library shows him that the days are organized around nothing. They are simply there. Rooms with doors that open.”

The bartender changed the record. Something I did not recognize — a piano trio, spare and unhurried, with pauses between the notes that felt deliberate, as if the silence was part of the composition.

“I want the library to be in a building he already knows,” Murakami said. “Not a fantastical place. Not Borges’s hexagonal galleries stretching to infinity. An ordinary building. A municipal library in Setagaya, say. He goes there to return a book — an overdue book, something trivial — and discovers that the third floor, which he has never visited, does not contain books. It contains doors. He does not question this. He is Japanese. The third floor has doors. He opens one.”

“He does not question it because the mundane presentation of the impossible is your signature, and it works, and I have always admired it,” Borges said. “But I want the architecture to have its own logic. The corridors should not be random. The numbering system, the gaps, the arrangement of doors — these should follow a pattern that the man almost grasps. A pattern that recedes as he approaches it, like the decimal expansion of an irrational number. He sees three digits, predicts the fourth, and is wrong. But not wildly wrong. Wrong by one. Always by one. The library is almost comprehensible. That is worse than chaos.”

“The woman cutting daikon,” Murakami said suddenly. “She should appear more than once. He opens a door on the first corridor and she is there, cutting daikon, humming. He opens a door on the seventh corridor, much later, and she is there again. Same kitchen. Same knife. Same daikon. But the humming is different — a different song, or the same song at a different tempo. And he does not know if this is a different day or the same day experienced differently. And this is where your architecture matters, Borges — is the library repeating, or is he lost?”

“Both. Always both. The library is a labyrinth and a mirror. He is lost in the building and lost in himself and the two forms of lostness are the same form.”

Murakami picked up his empty glass and looked into it as though it might still contain something.

“The story should not end,” he said. “It should stop. There is a difference. He opens a door. He sees a room. We do not learn what is in it. Or — we learn one detail. The light, maybe. The quality of the light in the room suggests a time of day. Late afternoon. The hour when everything in a Japanese room turns gold and the shadows of the furniture lengthen across the tatami. He stands in the doorway. The room is—”

“Someone else’s,” Borges said.

“Someone else’s. Always someone else’s.”

I waited for one of them to say more. Neither did. The piano trio played its sparse, unhurried music, and the bartender wiped a glass that was already clean, and outside, somewhere in Aoyama, the evening was organizing itself around nothing in particular, the way evenings do when no one is watching them for a hinge.