Confession, Cypress, and the Sentence That Won't End

A discussion between James M. Cain and William Faulkner


We met in a house that smelled like turpentine and old newspapers, somewhere outside Baton Rouge where the road turns from asphalt to oyster shell and the live oaks tunnel the light into something green and conditional. Faulkner had arrived first — I found him on the porch with a glass of something amber, looking out at the trees as though he were reading them. Cain pulled up twenty minutes late in a rental that looked like it had come off a used lot in Glendale, and he came through the screen door without knocking.

“Hot,” Cain said. He said it the way he writes — one syllable, no fat. He took the chair nearest the fan.

Faulkner didn’t look up. “It’s always hot.”

I had notes. I had a premise I wanted to pitch. I’d been thinking about a confession — a man who kills his employer at a rural Louisiana lumber operation, and the affair with the employer’s wife that precedes and propels the murder. Simple enough. Cain territory. But I wanted the confession to keep circling, the way memory does when you’re trying to tell the truth but the truth turns out to have roots that go back a hundred years before you were born.

“So it’s a murder story,” Cain said, before I’d finished my second sentence. He was already past the setup, already at the engine. “Who kills who and why.”

“A man named — well, we’ll find him a name — kills his employer. A lumber operation. Rural Louisiana, maybe the nineteen-fifties, when the big mills were winding down and there was salvage work on the rivers, pulling sinker cypress out of the bayous. The affair with the wife is the spark. He’s confessing.”

“Confessing where? To who?”

“That I don’t know yet.”

“It matters,” Cain said. “A man confessing to a priest talks different from a man confessing to a cellmate. A man writing it down for nobody is different from a man writing it down for somebody specific. In Postman, Frank’s confessing to nobody and everybody — he’s a dead man talking to the air. That’s why the voice works. He’s already past consequences.”

Faulkner set his glass on the porch rail. “A confession implies the speaker believes the act is his. That he authored it. That the story has a first person and that first person is the beginning.”

“It does have a first person. He did it.”

“He did the last thing. The final gesture. But who built the room he walked into? Who cleared that land, who brought those people together, who set the terms of ownership and desire that made the murder possible, maybe inevitable?” Faulkner wasn’t asking me. He was asking the trees. “The confession is always the shortest and least interesting version of the story.”

Cain leaned forward. “The confession is the only honest version. Everything else is decoration. I’m not interested in the history of the lumber mill or who owned the land in eighteen-forty. I’m interested in the moment the man sees the woman and knows he’s going to ruin his life.”

“But why does he know?” Faulkner said. “What in him was already ruined? What in the land was already ruined? You can’t separate the desire from the ground it grows in.”

This is when I realized I was going to spend the afternoon trying not to get crushed between two opposing gravitational forces. Cain wants the story stripped to the nerve — the thing itself, no context, no history, just the hand on the skin and the blood on the floor. Faulkner wants the nerve traced back to its root system, through the body, through the family, through the soil, through the century.

“What if both?” I said. “What if the confession is lean — the man’s voice is Cain’s voice, propulsive, can’t stop talking, racing toward the end — but the confession keeps getting interrupted by what he can’t stop remembering? Not his memories. The place’s memories. The employer’s family history, the land grants, the debts.”

Cain frowned. “Whose memories? He wouldn’t know that history.”

“Maybe he learned it. Maybe the wife told him. Or the old men at the mill. Or maybe it’s in the house itself — the papers, the photographs, the ledger books.”

“A man on his way to kill someone doesn’t stop to read ledger books,” Cain said.

“A man in the South does,” Faulkner said, and for the first time he looked at Cain directly. “Because the ledger is the reason. Not the woman. The woman is the occasion. The reason is older than both of them.”

Cain didn’t like that. I could tell by the way his jaw set. “The woman is never just the occasion. The woman is the reason men burn down their lives. I don’t write allegories. I write about bodies — what they want and what that wanting costs.”

“I’m not arguing against the body,” Faulkner said. “I’m arguing against the idea that the body exists outside of time. This man — your drifter, your laborer, your confessor — he didn’t arrive at that mill by accident. Something put him there. Something put her there. The employer didn’t build that operation from nothing. Someone cleared that land. Someone cut those trees the first time. Someone sank those cypress logs in the bayou a hundred years ago, and now someone else is pulling them out, and the man pulling them out is sleeping with the wife of the man who owns the right to pull them out, and that right traces back through a chain of —”

“I get it,” Cain said. “The chain. But you know what readers do with the chain? They skip it. They flip to the next chapter where something happens.”

“Then write the chain so they can’t skip it.”

Silence. The fan clicked on its rotation. I wrote that down in my notes: write the chain so they can’t skip it.

“What about time?” I said. I’d been given a constraint — the story had to be told out of chronological order, and not just a simple frame, not just starting at the end and backing up. Genuinely fragmented. The arrangement had to generate meaning that a linear telling couldn’t produce.

Cain shrugged. “I tell stories forward. That’s the engine. You start, you go, you arrive. Postman starts with Frank getting thrown off the hay truck and ends with him waiting to die. That’s a line.”

“It’s not a line,” Faulkner said, with something close to amusement. “He’s telling it from the end. The whole story is told from the end. The first sentence is already the last sentence because he already knows what happened. The line is an illusion of sequence imposed on something that, in his mind, is all happening at once.”

Cain opened his mouth. Closed it. Took a drink.

“He’s not wrong,” I said to Cain, knowing I was taking a risk. “Frank’s confession feels propulsive and linear, but the reader knows from the first page that everything is already over. The tension isn’t what happens next — it’s watching a man run full speed into a wall he’s already hit.”

“Fine,” Cain said. “So your story does this. The man is confessing, and we know it’s over, and he’s trying to tell it straight but the story won’t come out straight because —”

“Because the story was never straight,” Faulkner said. “Because the mill, the land, the woman, the debts — none of it follows a line. It’s all circling. The trees that were cut a hundred years ago are the same trees he’s pulling out of the water now. The man who owned the land then is the ancestor of the man he killed. The desire — your desire, the bodily desire you insist is the engine — is itself a repetition. Someone wanted someone before. Someone killed someone before. The confession keeps breaking because the confessor keeps discovering that his story is not his story.”

I felt something shift in the room. Not agreement — more like a mutual recognition that they were describing the same architecture from different angles.

“The sinker cypress,” I said. “That’s the image. Logs that sank a hundred years ago during the first timber harvest. They’ve been sitting in the bayou, preserved by their own oils, while the world above them moved on. And now someone’s pulling them up. The past, physically, literally rising to the surface.”

Faulkner nodded. Cain didn’t nod but he didn’t object, which from Cain is almost the same thing.

“So the structure is — what? He starts confessing the murder, clean and fast, but the confession keeps pulling him into the history, and the history keeps pulling him into earlier layers, and the reader is assembling the chronology the way you’d assemble a body from bones?”

“Don’t make it a puzzle,” Cain said. “I hate puzzles. The reader should always know what’s happening, even if they don’t know when it’s happening. The confusion should be emotional, not intellectual.”

“That’s fair,” Faulkner said, and from the look on Cain’s face, he hadn’t expected Faulkner to concede anything. “The arrangement should feel inevitable after the fact. Not clever. Each fragment should arrive because the man’s mind goes there, because the confession demands it, not because the author is showing off.”

“The lumber grading,” I said, pulling from my research. “There’s a system for it — visual grading, where you look at the wood and assess it. Knot size, slope of grain. A man who works lumber would think in those terms. He’d look at everything that way. Assessing the grain of things.”

“Now you’re decorating,” Cain said.

“No,” I said, “I’m trying to give him a way of seeing. He’s a man who grades lumber. He looks at the woman and he sees the grain. He looks at the employer’s family and he sees the knots. He looks at the history and he sees the slope — the angle at which everything was always falling.”

Cain was quiet for a while. “That’s not bad. A man who sees in board feet. Who measures the world in what can be salvaged from it. That’s a character, not a symbol.”

Faulkner reached for his glass and found it empty. “The employer. The man he kills. We need to understand what that man inherited. Not just the land or the mill. The design. The idea that if you own enough — enough land, enough timber, enough people’s labor — you can build a name that outlasts you. That’s the patriarch’s delusion. It’s always the patriarch’s delusion. And it always eats the children.”

“Does the employer have children?”

“The wife,” Cain said. “The wife is the child. Not literally. But she married into it. She’s the next generation of the design. She’s what the patriarch’s money purchased. And she hates every board foot of it.”

I was writing fast now. The confession, the lumber, the sinker cypress, the woman who married into a dynasty she despises, the man who sees everything in terms of what can be salvaged, the time breaking apart because the past won’t stay past —

“Where does it end?” I asked.

“In the water,” Faulkner said.

“On the road,” Cain said.

They looked at each other.

“Both,” I said. “Neither. He ends the confession and the reader knows something the confessor doesn’t. Or won’t say.”

“The postman,” Cain said, almost to himself. “The letter always arrives. The reckoning. You can dodge it, but it comes around.”

“Dead reckoning,” Faulkner said, and I didn’t know if he was making a joke or naming something. “Navigation without fixed stars. You calculate where you are based on where you were and how fast you’ve been going. But if your starting point was wrong — if the original position was a lie — then every calculation after is a lie too, and you arrive somewhere you never intended, and you call it fate.”

Cain almost smiled. “That’s the whole story, isn’t it. A man who thinks he knows where he is because he knows where he started. But he doesn’t know where he started. Nobody told him. The starting point was a century before him, and it was already crooked.”

“Dead reckoning,” I said again, writing it down. “That’s the title.”

“Don’t start with ‘The,’” Faulkner said, surprising me.

“I wasn’t going to.”

“Good.”

The fan turned. The light through the oaks shifted. I had what I needed — not a plan, not a plot, but the thing underneath a plan. The confession that can’t stay in its lane. The cypress rising from the dark water. The patriarch whose design consumes the woman who married his descendant, and the laborer who thinks he’s the author of his own crime.

Cain stood up. “I’m getting something to eat. You two can keep talking about the chain.”

Faulkner stayed in his chair. After Cain left, he said, almost too quietly to hear: “The chain is all there is. But he’s right that you have to make it feel like a fist. Dense and fast and with weight behind it. Don’t choose between us. That’s the mistake. Make the sentences lean and make them circle. Both at once.”

I nodded. Then he said something else, and I’m still not sure what to do with it:

“The woman. She has to want something that isn’t the man and isn’t escape. Something more specific than freedom. The design failed her, and the laborer fails her differently, and what she actually wants is the one thing nobody in the story can give her, which is to have never been brought into the design at all. To have never been purchased.”

He picked up his empty glass, looked at it, set it down.

“Write that,” he said. “Or don’t. But know it’s there.”